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Increasing restrictions on freedom of association and expression are hindering the work of many civil society groups in France advocating for economic, environmental, racial, and social justice. French authorities – particularly the Minister of the Interior – are using sweeping discretionary powers, such as the Law of 24 August 2021 Reinforcing respect for the principles of the Republic, against civil society stakeholders qualified by the state as “communitarian”, separatist, extremist or otherwise threatening “Republican values”. Organizations are harassed, surveilled, prevented from organizing or participating in public events, defunded, disbanded, criminalized and ostracized. For racialized groups (Black, North African, Traveller, Muslim…), these measures compound long-standing harassment, lack of funding and over-policing that hinders efforts to advance greater equality and justice.
Non-discrimination law provides a powerful framework to understand and challenge these practices, which have been neglected to date.